Communication Dans Un Congrès Année : 2024

Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Hydrogen Production via Electrolysis: The Role of Background and Foreground Electricity

Résumé

By 2050, hydrogen production via electrolysis will use electricity from both the grid and dedicated renewables like photovoltaic (PV) systems. Excess renewable electricity can be fed to the grid, with renewable energy certificates (REC) purchased during low production periods. This dual coupling poses modeling challenges due to the differing environmental impacts of grid electricity and PV credits. Additionally, modeling imports in future electricity mixes complicates assessments. This study examines how methodological choices in electricity consumption affect the prospective Life Cycle Assessment (pLCA) results for hydrogen produced in France in 2050. Methods The study models foreground and background activities to assess the production of 1kg of hydrogen via Proton Exchange Membrane electrolysis at 30 bar. It focuses on modeling foreground electricity from PV and the background electricity mix from the French market, supplied through the grid. The prospective PV inventory uses data from the IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme (IEA PVPS) and efficiency improvements for 2050 from Premise. Hydrogen production configurations range from PV systems designed to operate within the electrolyzer’s 1MW capacity to scenarios where 100% of hydrogen production is powered by PV credits. The French electricity market is modeled using RTE’s ‘Energy Pathways to 2050’ (FE2050). These scenarios include imports varying from 3.5% to 5.6%. Two modeling approaches address imports: using Integrated Assessment Model (IAM) scenarios for a Western Europe market group and adapting the current share of electricity from neighboring countries to future scenarios. Results and Discussions Preliminary results show that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from hydrogen production via electrolysis vary significantly based on electricity consumption modeling. Using PV credits for hydrogen production results in approximately 1 kgCO2-eq, while relying solely on grid electricity results in around 4 kgCO2-eq. Different configurations yield various impacts, reflecting a mix of PV and grid electricity. Conclusions Integrating PV systems into hydrogen production is crucial for reducing GHG emissions. The GHG impact varies based on the electricity source and import modeling choice. Accurate allocation of PV impacts is essential to avoid double-counting and accurately represent the environmental benefits of renewable energy.

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Dates et versions

hal-04782989 , version 1 (14-11-2024)

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  • HAL Id : hal-04782989 , version 1

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Juliana Steinbach, Joanna Schlesinger-Martinat, Paula Pérez-López, Romain Sacchi, Thomas Beaussier. Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Hydrogen Production via Electrolysis: The Role of Background and Foreground Electricity. SETAC Europe 26th LCA Symposium, Oct 2024, Gothenburg, Sweden. ⟨hal-04782989⟩
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