Biobased and recycled materials are becoming more commonly used to create anodes for lithiumion batteries. [1], [2], [3] Carbon-based materials can be obtained by pyrolyzing organic materials while keeping their initial shape. [4] In this work, we synthesized self-supported carbon-metal oxide composites using pyrolyzed kapok fibers. We chose two well known anode materials: TiO 2 processing through insertion and SiO 2 processing through conversion-alloying process. The main idea is to compare the efficiency and durability of self-supported anodes upon electrochemical mechanisms. The TiO 2-based composite was synthesized by sol-gel. In order to reach the theoretical capacity of TiO 2 the physico-chemical properties of the composite were optimized. The lithium-ion-conducting anatase phase was obtained by modifying the acid used as a sol-gel catalyst and the pyrolysis temperature. The specific surface area and the material texture were varied by testing two drying processes (evaporative and CO 2 supercritical drying) and different thermal treatments. Finally, the optimal synthesis method was determined by galvanostatic cycling of the anodes.