Impact of post-depositional processes on charcoal fragmentation and archaeobotanical implications: Experimental approach combining charcoal analysis and biomechanics
Résumé
Generallyspeaking,charcoalanalysisisbasedonidentifyingandcountingcharcoalfragmentsinordertocalculatetherelativevariationsintaxafrequency.Allpost-depositionalprocessesarelikelytoinducefragmentationoftheanthracologicalmaterial,raisingthequestionoftherepresentativenessoftaxa.Basedonaninnovativeexperimentalapproachcombiningbothcharcoalanalysisandbiomechanics,thispaperexploreshowthemechanicalpropertiesofcharcoalcaninfluencethefragmentationandthequantificationofspeciesinanthracologicalassemblages.Wecarriedoutstandardizedlaboratorycompressiontestson302samplesissuedfrom10taxa,charredatthreedifferenttemperatures,inordertocharacterizethemechanicalpropertiesofcommonspeciesintemperateandMediterraneanEurope.Ourresultshighlightthedifferentialresponsesofthetestedspeciesintermsofresistancetocompressionandfragmentation,twoprocesseswhichdonotappeartobecorrelated.Charcoalisveryresistanttopressure(upto22.5MPa).Ourresultsshowthatsignificantfragmentationdifferencesexistbetweentaxa.Thetotalnumberoffragmentsaftercompressionislargelydependentonthespecies,regardlessofthecharringtemperature.However,thisinterspecificvariabilityismoresignificantforsmallfragments[1e2mm],thanforlargerfragments[2e4mm]and>4mm,withtheexceptionofQuercus,whichdisplaysdifferentialreactionstocompression.Finally,amultifactorialanalysisbringstolighttheimpactofthephysicalandanatomicalcharacteristicsofthedifferentspeciesoncharcoalfragmentation
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