<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-00685029</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-03T07:21:17+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">A Simplified Life Cycle Approach for Assessing Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Wind Electricity</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Pierryves</forename>
                <surname>Padey</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">765633</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">615221-765633</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/179361864</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-393428"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Isabelle</forename>
                <surname>Blanc</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">a6284da15d2d0118685b69e492433ebd</email>
              <email type="domain">mines-paristech.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">isabelle-blanc</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">8381</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">22316-8381</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1115-0536</idno>
              <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=6Z1_DP4AAAAJ</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/171319354</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-393428"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Denis</forename>
                <surname>Le Boulch</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">627498-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-528437"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Zhao</forename>
                <surname>Xiusheng</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">627499-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-188835"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Magalie</forename>
                <surname>Prudon</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">aa86f06f21f9137f85868e1a92bf2f0a</email>
              <email type="domain">mines-paristech.fr</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2012-04-03 17:25:38</date>
              <date type="whenWritten">2012</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2026-03-11 09:38:02</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2012-04-03 17:25:38</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2012-04</date>
              <ref type="externalLink" target="https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-FXNH5RVP-6/fulltext.pdf?sid=hal"/>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="156117">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Magalie</forename>
                  <surname>Prudon</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">aa86f06f21f9137f85868e1a92bf2f0a</email>
                <email type="domain">mines-paristech.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-00685029</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://minesparis-psl.hal.science/hal-00685029</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">padey:hal-00685029</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Journal of Industrial Ecology&lt;/i&gt;, 2012, Issue Supplement s1, p. S28-S38. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00466.x"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00466.x&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2012, Issue Supplement s1, p. S28-S38. &amp;#x27E8;10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00466.x&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted"/>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ENSMP" corresp="PARISTECH">MINES ParisTech</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ENSMP_CEP" corresp="ENSMP">Energétique et procédés (DEP)</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="PARISTECH">ParisTech</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="OIE" corresp="ENSMP">Observation, Impacts, Energie</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ECOSD">Réseau EcoSD</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="PSL">Université Paris sciences et lettres</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ENSMP_DEP_EP" corresp="ENSMP">Département Énergétique et Procédés</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="EDF">EDF</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ENSMP-PSL" corresp="PSL">MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris - PSL</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">A Simplified Life Cycle Approach for Assessing Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Wind Electricity</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Pierryves</forename>
                    <surname>Padey</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">765633</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">615221-765633</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/179361864</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-393428"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Isabelle</forename>
                    <surname>Blanc</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">a6284da15d2d0118685b69e492433ebd</email>
                  <email type="domain">mines-paristech.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">isabelle-blanc</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">8381</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">22316-8381</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1115-0536</idno>
                  <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=6Z1_DP4AAAAJ</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/171319354</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-393428"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Denis</forename>
                    <surname>Le Boulch</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">627498-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-528437"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Zhao</forename>
                    <surname>Xiusheng</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">627499-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-188835"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="halJournalId" status="VALID">6185</idno>
                <idno type="issn">1088-1980</idno>
                <idno type="eissn">1530-9290</idno>
                <title level="j">Journal of Industrial Ecology</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>Wiley</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">Issue Supplement s1</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">pages S28-S38</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2012-04</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00466.x</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="en">Energy</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Environmental impact</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Industrial ecology</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Life cycle assessment (LCA)</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Meta-analysis</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Regression</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">EcoSD</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="spi.mat">Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>A full life cycle assessment (LCA) is usually a time, energy, and data-intensive process requiring sophisticated methodology. Our meta-analysis of life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of wind electricity highlights several key, sensitive parameters to provide a better understanding of the variability in LCA results, and then proposes a methodology to establish a simplified, streamlined approach based on regressions built on these key parameters. Wind electricity's environmental performance can be linked to three essential components: technological (e.g., manufacturing), geographical (e.g., wind speed), and LCA methodology (e.g., product lifetime). A regression has been derived based on detailed LCA results from a representative sample of 17 industrial wind turbines manufactured and recently installed in Europe on average land configurations. Simple GHG performance (i.e., emissions) curves depending on average on-site wind speed and wind turbine lifetime are proposed. Whatever the system power, considering the full range of possible wind speeds in Europe (4 to 9 meters per second [m/s]) and a lifetime of 10 to 30 years, emissions vary from 8.7 to 76.7 grams of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour (g CO 2-eq/kWh) when the wind speed is less than 6.5 m/s, and from 4.5 to 22.2 g CO 2-eq/kWh when the wind speed is 6.5 m/s or greater. This second situation with a turbine lifetime of 20 years is assumed to be most realistic based on economic criteria. This research presents simplified models as an alternative to detailed LCA. The methodology has been applied as a first trial to wind electricity and could be applied to other energy pathways.</p>
            </abstract>
            <particDesc>
              <org type="consortium">EcoSD network</org>
            </particDesc>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="researchteam" xml:id="struct-393428" status="OLD">
          <orgName>CEP/Sophia</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>MINES ParisTech BP 207 - Rue Claude Daunesse - 06904 Sophia Antipolis Cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.dep.mines-paristech.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-2185" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-301492" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-564132" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-528437" status="OLD">
          <orgName>Eco-Efficacité et Procédés Industriels</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">EDF R&amp;D EPI</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-528389" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-302313" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-188835" status="INCOMING">
          <orgName>Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Beijing 100084</addrLine>
              <country key="CN"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-24050" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-2185" status="OLD">
          <orgName>Centre Énergétique et Procédés</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CEP</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>60 boulevard Saint-Michel 75272 PARIS CEDEX 06</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.mines-paristech.fr/Fr/CEP/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-301492" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-564132" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-301492" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026375249</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04y8cs423</idno>
          <orgName>Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris)</orgName>
          <date type="start">1783-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>60, boulevard Saint-Michel 75006 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.minesparis.psl.eu/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-564132" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-564132" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">241597595</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0004 1784 3645</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/013cjyk83</idno>
          <orgName>Université Paris Sciences et Lettres</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">PSL</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>60 rue Mazarine 75006 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.psl.eu/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regrouplaboratory" xml:id="struct-528389" status="VALID">
          <orgName>EDF R&amp;D</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">EDF R&amp;D</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.edf.fr/groupe-edf/qui-sommes-nous/activites/recherche-et-developpement</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-302313" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-302313" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026436965</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122985443</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03wb8xz10</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q274591</idno>
          <orgName>EDF – Électricité de France</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">EDF [E.D.F.]</orgName>
          <date type="start">1946-04-08</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>22-30 – 22 avenue de Wagram – 75008 Paris – France</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.edf.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-24050" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">03265538X</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03cve4549</idno>
          <orgName>Qing hua da xue = Tsinghua University = Université Tsinghoua [Beijing]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">THU</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Beijing, 100084 P.R.</addrLine>
              <country key="CN"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/then/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>