Solar radiation is modified in its way downwards by the content of the atmosphere. Quantifying the influences of the parameters describing the optical state of the atmosphere is necessary for development of a method for the assessment of the solar surface irradiance (SSI). This paper performs an inventory of the variables (e.g., cloud) and their attributes (e.g., optical depth) available in an operational mode and then assesses to which degree the uncertainty on an attribute of a variable –including the absence of value –leads to a departure from the perfect result, i.e., when assuming that all attributes are known with a perfect accuracy. Clouds are the most important variable for the SSI. Aerosol loading and type, water vapour amount and atmospheric profile have a great influence. Ground albedo has an important influence on diffuse part and spectral distribution of SSI. The influences of vertical position and geometrical thickness of clouds in the atmosphere are negligible. Thus, the solution of the RTM for a cloudy atmosphere is equivalent to the product of the irradiance obtained under a clear sky and the extinction coefficient due to the cloud. The results are combined with the data availability for design of the new method Heliosat-4 for assessing the SSI.